|
The influence of friction force on the post-critical failure of rock samples subjected to triaxial c |
|
|
|
|
The influence of friction force on the post-critical failure of rock samples subjected to triaxial compression Author: D. Krzysztoń
A typical friction experiment for determination of the friction force between a sliding rider of mass m and a rigid flat is presented in the paper (Fig. 1). The dependence between the friction force and the rider displacement was determined on the basis of experiments (Fig. 2 - Byerlee, 1978). Three values of friction forces were distinguished: initial (C), maximai (D) and residual (G) force. It was observed that after reaching the maximal value of friction force the rider displacement could be either stable or jerky. The jerky type of movement is known as a stick-slip (Byerlee, 1966; Byerlee & Brace, 1968; Paterson, 1978). When normal and shear stresses at the sample slip plane are known, the coefficients of friction cor responding to the initial, maximal and residual friction force are determined. As evidenced by Byerlee (1978), the straight line T = 0.85 [...] approximates the results for a variety of rock types for [...] 200 MPa (Fig. 3). The triaxial compression tests in a stiff testing machine at a confining pressure of 0-70 MPa were performed on Carboniferous rock samples collected from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The results showed that the post critical failures of waste rocks were congruent with smooth curves; failures of coals, however, were characterized by a stick-slip (Sanetra, 1994; Krzysztoń et al., 1998; Sanetra, 2004 - Fig. 5). The normal and shear stresses at the sample slip plane of known slope were calculated for the determined values of critical stress and residual stress in a uniaxial state of stress, and for a given confining pressure. The coefficients of maximal and residual frictions were also calculated, e.g. Table l. The obtained results shown in Figs. 6 and 7 were compared with the Byerlee law. Basing on foreign literature, the conditions at which stick-slip occurs were described and the method for determining normal stress (confining pressure), at which the transition from stable sliding to stick-slip takes place, was presented. |
2011